Molybdenum

Company Profile

Xi'an Econ Industrial Corp is located in Xi’an, China, specializing in producing and exporting refractory metal products, which include molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, and their alloys. It is one of the earliest professional manufacturers engaged in the research, development, production and service of tungsten, molybdenum and their alloy plates, rods, sheets, foils, rods and deep processed products in China. The company has a full range of technical R&D personnel and production technicians for tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium and their deep processing equipment, as well as various refractory high-temperature products.

Why Choose Us

Our Products

Specializing in producing and exporting refractory metal products, which include molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, and their alloys. It is one of the earliest professional manufacturers engaged in the research, development, production and service of tungsten, molybdenum and their alloy plates, rods, sheets, foils, rods and deep processed products in China.

Product Application

With decades of experience and state-of-the-art technologies, we especially concentrate on designing, researching and developing down-stream processed and finished products for many kinds of industrial applications in such fields as high temperature, anti-corrosion, electronics , lighting, medical equipments, radiation shielding and semiconductor .

Our Factory

Xi'an Econ Industrial Corp is located in Xi’an, China, specializing in producing and exporting refractory metal products, which include molybdenum, tungsten, tantalum, niobium, and their alloys.

Certificate

As an As an ISO9001:2015 certified company, we are equipped with complete production line, from sintering & E-beam smelting to forging, rolling, machining and stringent testing procedures, which enables us to supply our customers with varieties of refractory metal products. The products are well recognized in overseas market, including America, Europe, and Southeast Asia.

Molybdenum Rod

1.Product name:Molybdenum rod. 2.Material：Molybdenum. 3.purity：99.9%. 4.Properties: Molybdenum bar

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Molybdenum Boats For Vacuum Furnaces

Molybdenum Boats for vacuum Evaporation Soruces Model NO.: Customerized Standard: ASTM Alloy: Mo

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Molybdenum Wire 0.08mm

Material:Pure Molybdenum wire / molybdenum lanthanum alloy wireSpecification:minimum dia0.03mm

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Molybdenum Ring

Molybedenum ring Grade : Mo1, Mo-La, TZM . Mo Content : >99.95% . Density: 10.2g/cc Surface

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Molybdenum ASTM B387 Type 361

Molybdenum rod materials have some unique physical and mechanical properties, and there are

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TZM MOLYBDENUM

TZM molybdenum base alloy, molybdenum high temperature TZM, Standard：ASTM B386 type 364, B387

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Molybdenum Electrode

1.Product name:Molybdenum Electrode. 2.Material：Mo. 3.Advantage:High strength at high temperature,

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Molybdenum Stirrer

1.Product name:Molybdenum Stirrer or Glass smelter mixer. 2.Product size:per customer drawing.

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99.5% Molybdenum Part

1.Product name:99.5% Molybdenum part. 2.Purity:M≥99.95%. 3.Density:≥9.8g/cm3. 4.Size:to customer

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Pure Molybdenum Screw

Molybdenum screws1.Density :> =10.2g/cm3. 2 Purity :> =99.95%. 3 Dimension: as your request.

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Ground Molybdenum Disc

1.Product Name:Ground molybdenum disc. 2.Grade: Mo1, MoLa, TZM. 3.Purity: Mo≥99.95%.

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Molybdenum Alloy TZM Rod

TZM alloy is a kind of high temperature alloy containing titanium, zirconium, which is widely used

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What is Molybdenum?

Molybdenum is a very hard, lustrous, silvery-white metal. It is fairly stable but will react with acids. Molybdenum has the fifth highest melting point of any element and is alloyed with steel for use in rifle barrels, filaments, and any application that must resist high temperatures. It has the added benefit of adding to steel’s strength.

An Overview of Five Molybdenum-containing Materials

Molybdenum is commonly used in five kinds of materials: molybdenum-containing stainless steel, molybdenum-containing alloy steel and iron, molybdenum-containing superalloy, molybdenum metal and alloy, and molybdenum-containing the chemical.

Molybdenum-containing stainless steel

The generic name for stainless steel refers to a large class of iron-base alloys containing chromium. Stainless steel contains at least 10.5 percent chromium, which forms a thin layer of chrome-rich oxide on the surface of the steel. Steel or iron-base alloys that do not contain this minimal amount of chromium corrode in moist air and form red rust.

Molybdenum containing stainless-steel

Although chromium content determines whether the steel is stainless steel, molybdenum also plays an important role. Molybdenum can increase the corrosion resistance of all stainless steels, especially for improving the pitting corrosion resistance and crack corrosion resistance of materials in chloride media.

Molybdenum alloy steel and iron

Adding molybdenum to alloy steel and iron can effectively and economically improve hardenability and hydrogen corrosion resistance and sulfide resistance, reduce tempering brittleness, as well as improve the high-temperature strength and weldability, especially the weldability of low alloy high strength steel (HSLA).

Molybdenum-containing superalloy

Molybdenum is an important alloying element in high-performance nickel-based alloys, which are divided into two basic types: corrosion-resistant alloys and superalloys. The superalloy can be further divided into solid solution hardening and aging hardening.

Molybdenum metals and molybdenum base alloys

Molybdenum is generally produced by powder metallurgy technology, which is to put the molybdenum powder for hydraulic pressing and sintering at 2100 ° C. When the air is heated to about 600 ° C above, the molybdenum can form the volatile oxide, so the high-temperature application of molybdenum is limited to the non-oxidizing environment or vacuum environment.

Molybdenum chemicals

Molybdenum is the VIB transition metal on the periodic table, between chromium and tungsten. Molybdenum is much less toxic than normal heavy metals and therefore makes a good substitute for more toxic materials.

Types of Molybdenum

Molybdenum Alloys
Molybdenum plays an essential role in the production of many alloys. Adding Molybdenum to alloys enhances their strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for a wide range of applications in various industries. Molybdenum is combined with other elements such as Tungsten, Nickel, Niobium, Zirconium, Vanadium, and Chromium to create these alloys.

Molybdenum Tzm
Molybdenum TZM is an alloy composed of Titanium, Zirconium, and Molybdenum. This alloy is primarily valued for its superior strength. It also exhibits a higher recrystallization temperature, hardness, and good toughness. Molybdenum TZM retains the characteristic properties of Molybdenum, including its high melting point and corrosion resistance. Due to its strength, Molybdenum TZM finds extensive use in aerospace and aviation applications.

Mola Alloy
MoLa is an alloy consisting of Molybdenum and Lanthanum. Lanthanum is a rare earth metal known for its ease of shaping. However, it easily oxidizes in air and water. The addition of Lanthanum to Molybdenum enhances ductility and, more importantly, increases the recrystallization temperature. As a result, MoLa can withstand higher temperatures without undergoing significant changes in its properties. This makes the alloy well-suited for use in high-temperature environments, such as aerospace and defense applications.

Molybdenum In Nickel Alloys
Molybdenum is also a crucial element in the production of Nickel-based alloys, which are used in a wide range of applications, including jet engines, nuclear reactors, and chemical processing plants. The addition of Molybdenum to Nickel-based alloys increases their strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance, making them ideal for use in harsh environments. Some of the Molybdenum-Nickel alloys we offer include:

Molybdenum In Vacuum Furnaces
A highly specific application of Molybdenum is in vacuum furnaces. Vacuum furnaces are industrial ovens where the atmosphere is controlled by a vacuum. These furnaces are used for various processing operations, where the combination of temperature and active substances in the vacuum determines the atmosphere and the treatment’s outcome.

Material designation		Chemical composition (percent by weight)
Mo (pure)		> 99.97% Mo
TZM		Mo 0.5% Ti 0.08% Zr 0.01 - 0.04% C
MHC		Mo 1.2% Hf 0.05 - 0.12% C
Mo lanthanum oxide	ML	Mo 0.3% La2O3
	MLR (R = recrystallized)	Mo 0.7% La2O3
	MLS (S = stress relieved)	Mo 0.7% La2O3
	Mo-ILQ	Mo 0.03% La2O3
Mo yttrium oxide	MY	Mo 0.47% Y2O3 0.08% CeO2
MoRe	MoRe41	Mo 41.0% Re
MoRe	MoRe47.5	Mo 47.5% Re
MoW	MoW30	Mo 30.0% W

Application of Molybdenum

Lubricant
Molybdenum dioxide is a good solid lubricant. This solid lubricant can be used normally under vacuum and various ultra-low temperatures and high temperatures, so it is widely used in the gas turbine, gear, mold, aerospace, nuclear industry, and other fields.

Catalyst
Molybdenum compounds are one of the most widely used catalysts and are widely used in chemical, petroleum, plastic, textile, and other industries.

Pigments
Chrome yellow and cadmium yellow are the most commonly used inorganic yellow pigments in the world today, but lead, chromium, and cadmium are toxic. Molybdenum yellow is not only non-toxic but also has a bright color and good light and thermal stability.

Inhibitor
The toxicity of molybdate is very low, and the corrosion of molybdate to organic additives added in corrosion inhibitors is very weak. Therefore, it is often used in the construction of cooling water and heating system of air conditioning to prevent low-carbon steel from being corroded.

Uses Of Molybdenum In The Field Of Electrical And Electronic
Molybdenum has good electrical conductivity and high-temperature resistance, and its thermal expansion coefficient is similar to that of glass. It is widely used to manufacture the core wire, lead wire, and hook of spiral filament.

Monolayer molybdenite materials have excellent semiconductor properties, some of which surpass the widely used silicon and graphene, and are likely to be the next generation of semiconductor materials.

Uses Of Molybdenum In The Field Of Medical
Molybdenum is one of the essential trace elements of the human body and is also a component of many enzymes. The main function of molybdenum in the body is to participate in the mutual reaction between sulfur, iron, and copper. An appropriate amount of molybdenum can promote human development, inhibit tumors, maintain myocardial energy metabolism, and protect the myocardium.

Uses Of Molybdenum In Animal Husbandry
The biological effect of molybdenum is mainly achieved by being a component of certain molybdenum-containing enzymes in animals, which indirectly affects the biological activity of the enzyme.
In addition, molybdenum plays a special role in the nutritional metabolism of ruminants. On the one hand, molybdenum, as a component of the rumen microorganisms’ nitrate oxidase, directly participates in the conversion of feed nitrate in the rumen. On the other hand, molybdenum, as a cofactor of sulfate oxidase, has a stimulating effect on rumen microorganisms. This helps the ruminants digest crude fiber and promotes the growth of ruminants.

Uses Of Molybdenum In Agriculture
Molybdenum is one of the necessary “trace elements” in plants. Molybdenum deficiency will affect the normal growth of plants.
As a trace element necessary for plant growth, molybdenum can not only promote the absorption of phosphorus by plants, but also accelerate the formation and transformation of alcohols in plants, increase the content of chlorophyll and vitamin Cin plants, and improve the plant’s resistance to drought, cold and disease ability.

Molybdenum Processing

Grinding
A grinding machine crushes rock the size of footballs to the size of gravel, then uses a ball mill to further reduce the material to the size of cosmetic powder.

Flotation
In the flotation process, the ground ore/gangue powder is mixed with a liquid reagent and inflated. Lower-density ores rise in the foam and are collected, while useless gangue sinks and is discarded. In this way, flotation separates the metallic minerals from the useless gangue or molybdenite from copper sulfide in the case of copper/molybdenum.

The resulting MoS2 concentrate contains between 85% and 92% MoS2. If necessary, acid leaching can be used to further dissolve impurities such as copper and lead.

Calcination
MoS2 concentrate is roasted in the air at a temperature of 500-650℃ and converted into molybdenum calcined sand (MoO3) (also known as industrial molybdenum trioxide). The chemical reactions are as follows:
● 2MoS2 + 7O2 → 2MoO3 + 4SO2
● MoS2 + 6MoO3 → 7MoO2 + 2SO2
● 2MoO2 + O2 → 2MoO3

The calcining is done in a multi-chamber furnace, in which molybdenum concentrate is added from the top of the furnace, moving in the opposite direction to the gas blown in from the bottom, and the airflow is heated. The large rotary rake arm constantly turns the sparry molybdenum concentrate to promote the chemical reaction, and the emission of baking furnace gas is removed by a desulfurization system or lime washing device to remove sulfur dioxide.

Smelting process of molybdenum concentrates

Oxidation roasting

Molybdenite is roasted by molybdenum calcine, followed by sublimation method or wet method to generate ammonium molybdate molybdenum trioxide, put ammonia into the solution, and separate from insoluble. Ammonium molybdate crystals are obtained by concentrating and crystallizing, or acid precipitation is used to form molybdate precipitation, thus separating from the soluble impurities. After calcination, they generated pure molybdenum trioxide, and then use the hydrogen reduction to produce metal molybdenum. According to the roasting equipment or the different adding components, the method can be divided into rotary kiln roasting, baking furnace process, fluidized bed roasting, and flash furnace roasting process. The method will produce a large amount of smoke, pollute the environment, the recovery rate of molybdenum is low, and the rare elements, rhenium almost all run away with the flue gas, it is not suitable for processing low-grade ore and complex ore.

Nitric acid leaching

The oxidation of MOS2 to produce soluble molybdate in an autoclave, which mainly uses inexpensive oxidants - air or pure oxygen. This method requires high temperature and high pressure, high requirement of reaction equipment, reaction conditions, and reliable production, technical difficulty, technical conditions of the leaching process is difficult to control, some security risks also exist in the production process, at present, has suspended the use of this method.

Sodium hypochlorite leaching method

Mainly used for leaching low-grade ore tailings. In the leaching process, sodium hypochlorite itself will slowly resolve oxygen, some other metal sulfides will be oxidized by sodium hypochlorite hydroxide ion, these metals will precipitate and promote the production of molybdate, molybdenum solution returned to slag. The method needs mild reaction conditions, easy production control, and low requirement for equipment, but the consumption of raw material sodium hypochlorite is large and the production cost is too high.

Electrooxidation leaching method

It is improved by sodium hypochlorite method, the method is adding molybdenite mineral slurry to the electrolytic tank, has been equipped with Sodium Chloride Solution in the electro-oxidation process, Cl2 and anode products react with water to produce hypochlorite, molybdenum sulfide hypochlorite oxidation in minerals, to form molybdenum molybdate into solution. The method has the advantages such as a high leaching rate of sodium hypochlorite, mild reaction condition, and no pollution, and can conveniently control and adjust the direction, the limit, and the rate of the reaction.

Physical Properties of Molybdenum

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42 and is a silvery-white, hard transition metal. Among the easily available metals, only tungsten and tantalum have higher melting points.

Molybdenum has a solid phase density of 10.28 grams per cubic centimeter and a liquid or molten phase density of 9.33 grams per cubic centimeter.

In its elemental form, molybdenum is diamagnetic, meaning it repels magnetic fields.

Molybdenum is brittle in nature; however, if heated above a certain temperature, it loses its brittleness and gains ductility.

Molybdenum has high inherent tensile strength, which makes it easier to shape. Because of its tensile strength, molybdenum can provide solidity to structures, making it even more popular.

Molybdenum has a tensile strength of around 47,000 psi (pound-force per square inch) and a yield strength of 58,000 psi.

Molybdenum is also an effective thermal conductor. Heat causes a metal’s particles to vibrate more rapidly and move around more swiftly. Energy is transferred from one particle to another as they come into contact.

It has a low thermal expansion.

Molybdenum serves as an excellent electrical conductor.

Because electrons in molybdenum are free to move around, they can carry electrical charge from one end to the other.

It is highly resistant to corrosion.

Why Is Molybdenum Useful In Parts Fabrication?

Molybdenum is a renowned material in the field of metal fabrication because of its strength, durability and other features. Key properties of molybdenum that make it popular in various industries include:

Extremely resilient with a melting point of up to 2,623°C
Corrosion-resistant, particularly to hydrochloric acid, glass and other metals
Exceptional electrical properties with low thermal expansion
Readily alloyed for improved capabilities and higher temperature resistance

Certificate

As an ISO9001:2015 certified company, we are equipped with complete production line, from sintering & E-beam smelting to forging, rolling, machining and stringent testing procedures, which enables us to supply our customers with varieties of refractory metal products.

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FAQ

Q: What are the main advantages of using molybdenum alloys?

A: Molybdenum enhances strength, hardness, toughness, and creep resistance at high temperatures above 1,000°C. It also improves corrosion resistance and weldability. These properties make molybdenum alloys well-suited for demanding applications.

Q: What industries rely heavily on molybdenum?

A: The main consumers of molybdenum are the construction, automotive, power generation, aerospace, electronics, and chemical industries. Stainless and alloy steel producers are the first tier users of molybdenum.

Q: What forms can molybdenum metal be purchased in?

A: Molybdenum metal is commercially available as rod, sheet, plate, fasteners, wire, and machined components. Powders and other molybdenum compounds are used for coating, alloying, catalysts, and pigments.

Q: What is molybdenum used for in the oil industry?

A: Molybdenum-containing stainless and low alloy steels have excellent corrosion resistance for drilling operations and in the aggressive environments found in refineries. Molybdenum sulfide catalysts are also key to refining crude oil into lighter fractions.

Q: Is it expensive to work with molybdenum?

A: Molybdenum’s high strength and thermal conductivity requires more energy to machine and form into mill products. Melting and alloying processes for molybdenum also consume significant electricity. These factors make molybdenum more costly than other metals.

Q: Is molybdenum a scarce resource?

A: Molybdenum is relatively abundant in the earth’s crust and known resources are projected to exceed demand for decades to come. Additional molybdenum supply comes from recycling scrap metal and spent catalysts. Prices fluctuate but molybdenum availability is generally reliable.

Q: What makes up molybdenum?

A: Natural molybdenum is a mixture of seven stable isotopes: molybdenum-92 (15.84 percent), molybdenum-94 (9.04 percent), molybdenum-95 (15.72 percent), molybdenum-96 (16.53 percent), molybdenum-97 (9.46 percent), molybdenum-98 (23.78 percent), and molybdenum-100 (9.13 percent).

Q: What is molybdenum used for?

A: Most molybdenum is used to make alloys. It is used in steel alloys to increase strength, hardness, electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion and wear. These 'moly steel' alloys are used in parts of engines. Other alloys are used in heating elements, drills and saw blades.

Q: What are the minerals in molybdenum?

A: The most important ore source of molybdenum is the mineral molybdenite; a minor amount is recovered from the mineral wulfenite. Molybdenum commonly is recovered as a by-product or co-product from copper mining. The U.S. produces significant quantities of molybdenite.

Q: What are three compounds of molybdenum?

A: Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), one of molybdenum's compounds, is used as a high temperature lubricant. Molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), another molybdenum compound, is used to adhere enamels to metals. Other molybdenum compounds include: molybdic acid (H2MoO4), molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF6) and molybdenum phosphide (MoP2).

Q: Is molybdenum magnetic?

A: Hence, Molybdenum is a paramagnetic material.

Q: How is molybdenum mined?

A: One of the benefits of molybdenum is its exceptionally high melting point: 2620 degrees celsius. That's higher than the melting point of titanium, niobium or zirconium. It is also exceptionally hard – sitting at 5.5 on the Mohs scale or 1500 MPa. The only harder metals we offer are tungsten, titanium and niobium.

Q: What is special about molybdenum?

A: Molybdenum is a silvery-white metal that is ductile and highly resistant to corrosion. It has one of the highest melting points of all pure elements — only the elements tantalum and tungsten have higher melting points. Molybdenum is also a micronutrient essential for life.

Q: Where is molybdenum found in everyday life?

A: Molybdenum is a genuine all-rounder. For example, we use this material to produce ribbons and wires for the lighting industry, semiconductor base plates for power electronics, glass melting electrodes, hot zones for high-temperature furnaces, and sputtering targets for coating solar cells and flat screens.

Q: What does molybdenum do to metal?

A: Molybdenum helps to contribute to the high strength that the alloy offers, as well as superior resistance to a wide range of severe, corrosive environments.

Q: What effect does molybdenum have on steel properties?

A: Increases strength, hardness, hardenability, and toughness, as well as creep resistance and strength at elevated temperatures. It improves machinability and resistance to corrosion and it intensifies the effects of other alloying elements.

Q: Is molybdenum in high demand?

A: The supply shortage emerged in 2022 with consumers reporting less material available from China. “Global Molybdenum consumption is expected to continue increasing over the next decade as demand for Molybdenum-containing steels grows.

Q: Is molybdenum a rare metal?

A: Rare Metals: Tin, Tungsten, Molybdenum, Lithium, Tantalum, and Niobium Deposits.

Q: What is the composition of Mo?

A: Molybdenum is a chemical element with the symbol Mo. Pure molybdenum exists as a dark-gray or black powder with a metallic luster or as a silvery-white mass. It does not occur naturally in the pure metallic form. It is principally found as oxide or sulfide compounds.

Q: What is made of molybdenum?

A: Structural steel accounts for 55 percent of molybdenum use. The metal improves the strength of steel at high temperatures, and can allow steel to withstand pressures of up to 300,000 pounds per square inch. Molybdenum also helps with corrosion resistance, which makes it an important material for stainless steel.

We're professional molybdenum manufacturers and suppliers in China, specialized in providing high quality customized service. We warmly welcome you to buy molybdenum for sale here from our factory.

Molybdenum Tube, Molybdenum Stirrer, Ground Molybdenum Disc