Pure tungsten electrode is a kind of refractory metal tungsten as the main raw material of the electrode products, was the first use of argon arc welding electrodes, but the electronic work function is higher, the electrode tip temperature is higher and grain size are easy to grow up, therefore, causes it difficult ignition arc beam instability and short service life, limited application field, basically used in ac welding. In view of the above problems, some researchers have pointed out that some modifiers such as rare earth oxides can be added appropriately in the production process of pure tungsten, so that the electrode products prepared can have higher comprehensive performance and wider application range.
To be specific, the main reasons for adding a certain amount of rare earth oxides in pure tungsten are as follows :(1) rare earth oxides have low electron escape work, so they can improve the recrystallization temperature and electron emission capacity of tungsten electrode products; (2) Rare earth particles can hinder the deformation of tungsten grains and improve the arc starting performance, arc column stability and ablation resistance of the electrode. At present, the common rare earth oxides are cerium oxide, lanthanum oxide and yttrium oxide.
According to the different rare earth oxide, rare earth tungsten electrode can be divided into cerium tungsten electrode, lanthanum tungsten electrode and yttrium tungsten electrode. Because of the different modifiers added, they are slightly different in physical and chemical properties and applications.
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